Visa tests ERC-20 payments using ERC-4337 account abstractions.
There are the two types of accounts that currently exist on Ethereum: Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs) and Contract Accounts (CAs).
EOAs, which are controlled by private keys, allow users to send transactions.
However, they lack the programmability of a smart contract. In contrast, CAs possess executable code but are unable to initiate transactions independently. Transactions must always come from a user's account and contain the user's signature, whether it’s a simple token transfer or a complex operation executed through many smart contracts.
https://usa.visa.com/solutions/crypto/rethink-digital-transactions-with-account-abstraction.html
