A hash is the result of a hash function, a cryptographic operation that generates unique and unrepeatable identifiers from given information.
In particular, cryptographic hash functions exhibit these three properties:
They are "collision-free." This means that no two input hashes should map to the same output hash.
They can be hidden. It should be challenging to guess the input value for a hash function from its output.
They should be puzzle-friendly. Selecting an input that provides a predefined output should not be easy. Thus, the input should be selected from a distribution that's as wide as possible.
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